Introduction To Brahmanism
The fundamental aspects of Brahmanism
were developed around the first millennium B.C., from a series of priestly
commentaries on the original four Vedas, commonly known as the Brahmanas.
Brahmanas is a Sanskrit word meaning "explanations of Brahman"
("holy power," "word" or "supreme spirit"),
or the "sacred word." Each of the four Vedas acquired Brahmanas;
for the Rig Veda, the Aitareya and Kausitaki (Sankhayana); for the Yajur
Veda, the Kathaka, Taittiriya, and Satapatha; for the Sama Veda, the Pancavimsa
(Tandyamaha) and its appendix, the Sanvimas and Jaiminiya (Talavakara);
and for the Atharva Veda, the Gopatha. Any overview of Brahmanism must
illustrate that these extensive ritual and theological discourses served
as guides for the priests (Brahmins) in performing rituals and sacrifices,
and as explanations of the nature of Brahman, Brahma, and the beliefs
intrinsic to Brahmanism as a religion.
Although this is an introduction to Brahmanism as a religion, it is true
that the perception of understanding of Brahma varies within differing
schools of the Brahmanic religion, and with time. Brahma is a Sanskrit
work meaning "swelling, growth, expansion" or "to grow
great, strong, increase." Brahma is also perceived as the personification
of Brahman (holy power or eternal word). Brahma is often called the first
among gods (replacing Prajapati), the maker of the universe, and protector
of the worlds. Brahma is often referred to as "the creator"
(of the universe), and is frequently considered the source of all knowledge.
Brahma shows a marked transition from Vedic to Bhakti Hinduism, as Brahma's
role as god takes a secondary role to those of Vishnu and Shiva.
|
